From WWII to Cold War: USS Cutlass (SS-478)

In this build I depicted USS Cutlass (SS-478) in the early 1960s, during her Cold War service after the U.S. Navy’s GUPPY II modernization program. GUPPY upgrades were designed to make late-WWII fleet submarines far more effective underwater, with a more streamlined shape and major improvements to submerged performance and operating systems - turning proven WWII hulls into practical Cold War workhorses. 

Cutlass arrived at the very end of WWII: she sailed to the Pacific, began her first patrol toward the Kurile Islands, and entered the patrol area just after Japan’s surrender, remaining on observation patrol into late August 1945. Decades later, after U.S. decommissioning, she was transferred to Taiwan as ROCS Hai Shih (SS-791) - a boat often noted for still being operational and for achieving an unmatched service lifespan among submarines. This model was finished in acrylics and oils, with restrained weathering to add depth and scale realism while keeping the overall look true to an in-service U.S. Navy submarine of the period.

Stretching the Mark IV: The WWI “Tadpole” Tank

The British “Tadpole” was an experimental WWI tank concept based on the Mark IV. The idea was simple: make the tank longer by fitting extended rear track frames, which increased trench-crossing ability and helped reduce the tendency to “nose in” when climbing out of shell holes or wide ditches. In theory it would handle broken ground better than the standard Mark IV while keeping the same basic layout, crew arrangement, and armament options.

In practice, the Tadpole concept didn’t move beyond trials and limited prototypes. The added length and altered weight distribution brought handling and reliability issues, and it didn’t provide enough real-world advantage to justify the complications compared to standard production tanks and evolving designs. Still, it remains one of the more interesting WWI “field improvement” experiments - a snapshot of how quickly tank designers and crews were trying to adapt to trench warfare realities.

Field trials Tadpole “T2” depicted here during testing with stowed canvas cover and asbestos wrapped exhaust - typical of the times - seen at Tank Corps Central Workshop in Erin, France, 1918. Kit by Takom in 1/35 scale.

Type IX-B: The Long-Range Hunter

This HobbyBoss Type IX-B U-boat build is now complete and mounted on a simple “dock plank” style cradle display base, finished entirely with acrylics. I went for a clean, realistic presentation that lets the long, purposeful lines of the boat do the talking, with subtle tonal variation and restrained weathering so it still looks like steel and paint instead of “effects.” The base includes a national identifier flag and a QR code so visitors can quickly jump from the model to the real-world context behind the subject. A 1/350 scale human is included on the base for size comparison.

Historically, the Type IX-B boats were Germany’s long-range ocean-going submarines - built to prowl far from home waters and strike Allied shipping across the vast reaches of the Atlantic. Operated by the Kreigsmarine, they were bigger and longer-legged than the more common Type VII, and they became a key tool in early-war commerce raiding before Allied technology, tactics, and air coverage steadily tightened the net. Even without a specific boat number attached, a Type IX-B represents that tense era of undersea cat-and-mouse - quiet patrols, long transits, and the constant pressure of being hunted while hunting.

H.L. Hunley (1864): The First Successful Combat Submarine Attack

My 1/350 scale H.L. Hunley build is finished and on its display base, with a simple “dock plank” style cradle, a country identifier flag, and a QR code so viewers can jump straight to the real-world story behind the model and as always a human scaled down to 1/350 in order to see the relative size of the submarine (just to the top and right of the flag). The goal was to keep the presentation clean and museum-like while still showing off Hunley’s distinctive riveted iron hull and cigar-shaped silhouette. In this small scale, I focused on crisp construction, a convincing dark iron finish with subtle variation, and a restrained, realistic look that fits an 1860s prototype built for hard use rather than show. The kit is resin and was manufactured by 3D-Wild. I added the wooden upper spar and supports along with the rope to adjust the lower boom for attack along with the copper canister filled with explosives and the tiny detonating line along with the rudder steering mechanism.

Historically, H.L. Hunley was a Confederate (Civil War-era) hand-powered submarine that became the first submarine to sink an enemy warship in combat, when it attacked and sank the USS Housatonic off the coast of Charleston, South Carolina. The mission was successful, but Hunley did not return and was lost with her crew, turning the little submarine into one of the most haunting “what exactly happened?” stories of naval history. The Hunley was just under 40 feet and had a crew of 8 men. Today, the recovered vessel is preserved and studied, and even in 1/350 scale it’s still an eye-catching reminder of just how experimental (and dangerous) early undersea warfare really was.

X-47B UCAS-D - Stealthy, Historic, and a Little Stubborn

Here’s my build of the 1/48 X-47B UCAS from Freedom Model Kits - an unusual subject and a really cool slice of modern naval aviation history. The real X-47B (Northrop Grumman) was a U.S. Navy unmanned carrier aviation demonstrator that proved big milestones were possible without a pilot onboard, including carrier catapult launches and arrested landings, along with later testing like autonomous aerial refueling work. Even sitting on the shelf, it has that “future became real” vibe that makes it such a fun, conversation-starting model.

Kit-wise, this one was a bit of a battle. The major flaw is a steep step at the front where the upper and lower fuselage halves meet - and I’m not exaggerating when I say a good 30% of my build time was spent correcting that area so the nose profile looks more like the real vehicle. The decals were the other headache: Freedom’s markings are very thick, and despite a long, drawn-out effort to get them seated without silvering, a few still came out pretty disgusting. Unfortunately, there’s no aftermarket option available, so you either ditch markings completely or wrestle what’s in the box into place as best you can. On the plus side, hey - there’s no canopy to mask.

All that said, I’m still glad I built it. The X-47B is such an uncommon subject that it stands out instantly, and it’s a pity the decals and front fit let the kit down - because the finished aircraft itself is sleek, purposeful, and historically important. This one earned its spot in the display case the hard way.

Waffenträger AUF E-100 - German Heavy Gun Concept in North Africa

The Waffenträger AUF E-100 represents one of the most extreme late-war German armored concepts, pairing the massive E-100 chassis with the proposed Krupp Pak 44 128mm main gun. The original chassis design was initiated by Henschel & Son in 1943 but never progressed beyond incomplete development. Following the war, the unfinished chassis was captured by Allied forces in Hamburg, transported to Lulworth Cove in the United Kingdom for evaluation, and ultimately scrapped in the 1950s.

This model is based on the Amusing Hobby kit and intentionally departs from the boxed artwork. It is depicted here as a hypothetical operational vehicle serving in the North African theater. To reinforce this narrative, the gun barrel is finished in German dark gray/black lacquer and marked with kill rings, suggesting a weapon pressed into service despite its experimental origins.

Several modifications were made during the build to enhance both realism and visual interest. The gun shield was left open rather than enclosed as instructed, exposing the weapon system and crew positions. Additional details include side-mounted crew stands, a rear grab rail, removal of the kit-supplied forward light in favor of brass tubing, re-scribed flame cuts, and UV-clear resin used for both optical systems. Numerous smaller refinements were added throughout to better reflect period engineering practices.

The model was finished using acrylic paints, with the base coat applied in Mr. Finishing Surfacer 1500 Black through an Iwata Eclipse HP-CS. Detail colors were mixed using Tamiya acrylics, with panel lines enhanced using AK panel liner and weathering completed with VMS and Ammo pigments. The overall intent was to present a plausible, restrained “what-if” vehicle grounded in late-war German design philosophy rather than fantasy.

RQ-4B Global Hawk - High-Altitude Eyes of the USAF

The RQ-4B Global Hawk is a high-altitude, long-endurance unmanned aircraft system operated by the United States Air Force for strategic reconnaissance, intelligence gathering, and surveillance. Designed to operate above 60,000 feet with endurance exceeding 30 hours, the Global Hawk provides persistent, real-time data to ground commanders over vast areas of operation.

Originally projected in the mid-1990s as a relatively low-cost surveillance platform, the Global Hawk evolved into a highly sophisticated system incorporating advanced sensors, communications, and autonomous flight capabilities. As development progressed, unit costs increased significantly, reflecting both the technical complexity of the aircraft and its expanding mission profile. The USAF has since planned a phased retirement of portions of the fleet as newer systems come online.

This model is the Kinetic kit built in 1/48 scale. At this scale, the Global Hawk’s real-world wingspan of approximately 130 feet translates to a model wingspan of roughly 32 inches, presenting unique challenges in both construction and photography. The size alone makes handling, airbrushing, and presentation more demanding than most aircraft subjects.

Several refinements were made during the build, including scratch-built static wicks, weighted tires, and a detailed forward camera lens assembly. The model was finished using acrylic paints, with an emphasis on maintaining the clean, utilitarian appearance typical of operational Global Hawk airframes.

While not without challenges, this build represents part of an ongoing learning process and an opportunity to work with an aircraft whose scale, presence, and role are unlike conventional piloted designs. The intent was to capture the quiet, persistent nature of the Global Hawk - an aircraft defined not by speed or armament, but by endurance, altitude, and information dominance.

MQ-1 Predator - The Drone That Changed Modern Warfare

Manufactured by General Atomics Aeronautical Systems, the MQ-1 Predator marked a fundamental shift in modern aerial warfare and surveillance. Originally developed as a reconnaissance platform, the Predator became one of the first unmanned aerial vehicles to conduct sustained, armed combat operations, permanently altering how airpower could be applied.

Entering service in the late 1990s, the Predator first saw combat as an armed platform in 2002 when it was equipped with AGM-114 Hellfire missiles. This transformation expanded its role from intelligence collection to persistent strike capability, allowing targets to be identified, tracked, and engaged by the same aircraft without the need for immediate manned support.

Powered by a four-cylinder Rotax 914 engine, the MQ-1 had a top speed of approximately 135 miles per hour and an operational range of roughly 454 miles. While modest in performance compared to conventional aircraft, its true strength lay in endurance and loiter time, enabling it to remain on station for extended periods while providing continuous real-time intelligence to ground commanders.

The Predator was employed extensively across multiple theaters of operation, including Afghanistan and Iraq, where its combination of surveillance and precision strike capability reshaped battlefield tactics and surveillance doctrine. Its success directly influenced the development of larger and more capable unmanned systems that followed.

This model was built to reflect the understated, utilitarian appearance of the MQ-1 Predator as it appeared in operational service. The intent of the build was to capture the aircraft’s quiet but transformative role in modern military aviation - an aircraft that proved persistence and information could be as decisive as speed or firepower.

Yokosuka MXY-7 Ohka - Desperation Weapon of the Pacific War

The Yokosuka MXY-7 Ohka, meaning “cherry blossom” in Japanese, was a rocket-powered manned weapon developed by the Imperial Japanese Navy during the final stages of World War II. Introduced in 1945, the Ohka was designed specifically as a suicide attack aircraft intended to strike Allied naval vessels with overwhelming speed and explosive force.

The aircraft carried a 2,000-pound warhead mounted directly in the nose ahead of the pilot. Operationally, the Ohka was transported beneath a Mitsubishi G4M “Betty” bomber and released near the target area. Once detached, the pilot ignited the rear-mounted Type 4 Mark 1 Model 20 rocket motors, which could be fired individually or simultaneously. Although the Ohka had an extremely limited range of approximately 23 miles, it was capable of reaching speeds of roughly 400 miles per hour in level flight and up to 680 miles per hour in a terminal dive, making interception difficult once launched.

The Ohka saw combat primarily during the Okinawa campaign in 1945. Of the 74 aircraft committed to operations, 56 were destroyed either with their carrier aircraft or during attack attempts. Allied forces assigned the nickname “Baka” to the Ohka, a Japanese term meaning “foolish,” reflecting both its crude simplicity and the extreme human cost of its use. In total, approximately 852 Ohkas were produced. Today, only about 13 surviving examples are known to exist in museums worldwide.

The model presented here depicts an Ohka captured on Okinawa in April 1945. It is shown unarmed, without its warhead installed, and resting unsecured on its transport cradle and rear support. This configuration reflects how many Ohkas were discovered by Allied forces - as unfinished or unused weapons, emblematic of a program that arrived too late to alter the outcome of the war.

The intent of this build was to present the Ohka not as a curiosity, but as a physical representation of the desperation and industrial collapse facing Japan in 1945 - a weapon defined less by innovation than by circumstance.

WW2 Messerschmitt Me 262 HG III — Pushing the Limits of Germany’s First Jet Fighter

This build represents the Messerschmitt Me 262 HG III, one of the most radical high-speed development studies derived from the world’s first operational jet fighter. Conceived in the closing stages of the war, the HG program pushed aerodynamic refinement, propulsion integration, and overall performance far beyond the standard Schwalbe.

The model was finished using acrylics and Alclad II metallics, with oils and pigments applied selectively to suggest restrained operational wear rather than heavy service weathering. All national markings were airbrushed to maintain scale fidelity. Additional details include scratch-added seatbelts, brake and engine plumbing, a brass pitot tube, and subtly weighted tires, bringing a greater sense of realism to this experimental airframe.

The intent of this build was to capture the technical ambition of the HG III concept - a machine defined more by engineering possibility than operational history while keeping the finish believable, controlled, and grounded in late-war German jet development.